荔园在线
荔园之美，在春之萌芽，在夏之绽放，在秋之收获，在冬之沉淀
[回到开始]
[上一篇][下一篇]
发信人: jjksam (^_^ ∷¤雨过天晴), 信区: sysop
标 题: Netiquette(网络礼仪)
发信站: 荔园晨风BBS站 (Sun Mar 10 11:04:11 2002), 转信
from: http://www.albion.com/netiquette/index.html
THE CORE RULES OF NETIQUETTE
The Core Rules of Netiquette are excerpted from the book Netiquette by Virginia
Shea. Click on each rule for elaboration.
Introduction
Rule 1: Remember the Human
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real
life
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Introduction
by Virginia Shea
What is Netiquette? Simply stated, it's network etiquette -- that is, the
etiquette of cyberspace. And "etiquette" means "the forms required by good
breeding or prescribed by authority to be required in social or official life."
In other words, Netiquette is a set of rules for behaving properly online.
When you enter any new culture -- and cyberspace has its own culture --
you're liable to commit a few social blunders. You might offend people
without meaning to. Or you might misunderstand what others say and take offense
when it's not intended. To make matters worse, something about cyberspace
makes it easy to forget that you're interacting with other real people -- not
just ASCII characters on a screen, but live human characters.
So, partly as a result of forgetting that people online are still real, and
partly because they don't know the conventions, well-meaning cybernauts,
especially new ones, make all kinds of mistakes.
The book Netiquette has a dual purpose: to help net newbies minimize their
mistakes, and to help experienced cyberspace travelers help the newbies. The
premise of the book is that most people would rather make friends than enemies,
and that if you follow a few basic rules, you're less likely to make the
kind of mistakes that will prevent you from making friends.
The list of core rules below, and the explanations that follow, are excerpted
from the book. They are offered here as a set of general guidelines for
cyberspace behavior. They won't answer all your Netiquette questions. But
they should give you some basic principles to use in solving your own
Netiquette dilemmas.
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 1: Remember the human
The golden rule your parents and your kindergarten teacher taught you was
pretty simple: Do unto others as you'd have others do unto you. Imagine how
you'd feel if you were in the other person's shoes. Stand up for yourself,
but try not to hurt people's feelings.
In cyberspace, we state this in an even more basic manner: Remember the human.
When you communicate electronically, all you see is a computer screen. You
don't have the opportunity to use facial expressions, gestures, and tone of
voice to communicate your meaning; words -- lonely written words -- are all
you've got. And that goes for your correspondent as well.
When you're holding a conversation online -- whether it's an email exchange
or a response to a discussion group posting -- it's easy to misinterpret your
correspondent's meaning. And it's frighteningly easy to forget that your
correspondent is a person with feelings more or less like your own.
It's ironic, really. Computer networks bring people together who'd otherwise
never meet. But the impersonality of the medium changes that meeting to
something less -- well, less personal. Humans exchanging email often behave the
way some people behind the wheel of a car do: They curse at other drivers,
make obscene gestures, and generally behave like savages. Most of them would
never act that way at work or at home. But the interposition of the machine
seems to make it acceptable.
The message of Netiquette is that it's not acceptable. Yes, use your network
connections to express yourself freely, explore strange new worlds, and
boldly go where you've never gone before. But remember the Prime Directive of
Netiquette: Those are real people out there.
Would you say it to the person's face?
Writer and Macintosh evangelist Guy Kawasaki tells a story about getting
email from some fellow he's never met. Online, this fellow tells Guy that
he's a bad writer with nothing interesting to say.
Unbelievably rude? Yes, but unfortunately, it happens all the time in
cyberspace.
Maybe it's the awesome power of being able to send mail directly to a well-
known writer like Guy. Maybe it's the fact that you can't see his face
crumple in misery as he reads your cruel words. Whatever the reason, it's
incredibly common.
Guy proposes a useful test for anything you're about to post or mail: Ask
yourself, "Would I say this to the person's face?" If the answer is no, rewrite
and reread. Repeat the process till you feel sure that you'd feel as
comfortable saying these words to the live person as you do sending them
through cyberspace.
Of course, it's possible that you'd feel great about saying something extremely
rude to the person's face. In that case, Netiquette can't help you. Go get a
copy of Miss Manners' Guide to Excruciatingly Correct Behavior.
Another reason not to be offensive online
When you communicate through cyberspace -- via email or on discussion groups --
your words are written. And chances are they're stored somewhere where you
have no control over them. In other words, there's a good chance they can
come back to haunt you.
Never forget the story of famous email user Oliver North. Ollie, you'll
remember, was a great devotee of the White House email system, PROFS. He
diligently deleted all incriminating notes he sent or received. What he
didn't realize was that, somewhere else in the White House, computer room staff
were equally diligently backing up the mainframe where his messages were
stored. When he went on trial, all those handy backup tapes were readily
available as evidence against him.
You don't have to be engaged in criminal activity to want to be careful. Any
message you send could be saved or forwarded by its recipient. You have no
control over where it goes.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 2: Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real
life
In real life, most people are fairly law-abiding, either by disposition or
because we're afraid of getting caught. In cyberspace, the chances of getting
caught sometimes seem slim. And, perhaps because people sometimes forget that
there's a human being on the other side of the computer, some people think that
a lower standard of ethics or personal behavior is acceptable in cyberspace.
The confusion may be understandable, but these people are mistaken. Standards
of behavior may be different in some areas of cyberspace, but they are not
lower than in real life.
Be ethical
Don't believe anyone who says, "The only ethics out there are what you can
get away with." This is a book about manners, not about ethics. But if you
encounter an ethical dilemma in cyberspace, consult the code you follow in real
life. Chances are good you'll find the answer.
One more point on Netiquette ethics: If you use shareware, pay for it. Paying
for shareware encourages more people to write shareware. The few dollars
probably won't mean much to you, and they benefit all of cyberspace in the long
run.
Breaking the law is bad Netiquette
If you're tempted to do something that's illegal in cyberspace, chances are
it's also bad Netiquette.
Some laws are obscure or complicated enough that it's hard to know how to
follow them. And in some cases, we're still establishing how the law applies to
cyberspace. Two examples are the laws on privacy (see Rule 8 and "Email
Privacy -- a Grand Illusion" on page 125) and copyright (see "Copyright in
Cyberspace" on page 133).
Again, this is a book on manners, not a legal manual. But Netiquette mandates
that you do your best to act within the laws of society and cyberspace.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 3: Know where you are in cyberspace
Netiquette varies from domain to domain
What's perfectly acceptable in one area may be dreadfully rude in another.
For example, in most TV discussion groups, passing on idle gossip is
perfectly permissible. But throwing around unsubstantiated rumors in a
journalists' mailing list will make you very unpopular there.
And because Netiquette is different in different places, it's important to know
where you are. Thus the next corollary:
Lurk before you leap
When you enter a domain of cyberspace that's new to you, take a look around.
Spend a while listening to the chat or reading the archives. Get a sense of how
the people who are already there act. Then go ahead and participate.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 4: Respect other people's time and bandwidth
It's a cliché that people today seem to have less time than ever before,
even though (or perhaps because) we sleep less and have more labor-saving
devices than our grandparents did. When you send email or post to a
discussion group, you're taking up other people's time (or hoping to). It's
your responsibility to ensure that the time they spend reading your posting
isn't wasted.
The word "bandwidth" is sometimes used synonymously with time, but it's
really a different thing. Bandwidth is the information-carrying capacity of the
wires and channels that connect everyone in cyberspace. There's a limit to the
amount of data that any piece of wiring can carry at any given moment --
even a state-of- the-art fiber-optic cable. The word "bandwidth" is also
sometimes used to refer to the storage capacity of a host system. When you
accidentally post the same note to the same newsgroup five times, you are
wasting both time (of the people who check all five copies of the posting)
and bandwidth (by sending repetitive information over the wires and requiring
it to be stored somewhere).
You are not the center of cyberspace
Presumably, this reminder will be superfluous to most readers. But I include it
anyway, because when you're working hard on a project and deeply involved in
it, it's easy to forget that other people have concerns other than yours. So
don't expect instant responses to all your questions, and don't assume that all
readers will agree with -- or care about -- your passionate arguments.
Rules for discussion groups
Rule 4 has a number of implications for discussion group users. Most discussion
group readers are already spending too much time sitting at the computer;
their significant others, families, and roommates are drumming their fingers,
wondering when to serve dinner, while those network maniacs are catching up
on the latest way to housebreak a puppy or cook zucchini.
And many news-reading programs are slow, so just opening a posted note or
article can take a while. Then the reader has to wade through all the header
information to get to the meat of the message. No one is pleased when it
turns out not to be worth the trouble. See "Netiquette for Discussion Groups"
on page 65 for detailed rules.
To whom should messages be directed? (Or why "mailing list" could become a
dirty word)
In the old days, people made copies with carbon paper. You could only make
about five legible copies. So you thought good and hard about who you wanted to
send those five copies to.
Today, it's as easy to copy practically anyone on your mail as it is not to.
And we sometimes find ourselves copying people almost out of habit. In general,
this is rude. People have less time than ever today, precisely because they
have so much information to absorb. Before you copy people on your messages,
ask yourself whether they really need to know. If the answer is no, don't waste
their time. If the answer is maybe, think twice before you hit the send key.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 5: Make yourself look good online
Take advantage of your anonymity
I don't want to give the impression that the net is a cold, cruel place full of
people who just can't wait to insult each other. As in the world at large,
most people who communicate online just want to be liked. Networks --
particularly discussion groups -- let you reach out to people you'd otherwise
never meet. And none of them can see you. You won't be judged by the color of
your skin, eyes, or hair, your weight, your age, or your clothing.
You will, however, be judged by the quality of your writing. For most people
who choose to communicate online, this is an advantage; if they didn't enjoy
using the written word, they wouldn't be there. So spelling and grammar do
count.
If you're spending a lot of time on the net and you're shaky in these areas,
it's worth brushing up on them. There are plenty of books available, but you'll
learn more -- and possibly have more fun -- if you take a course. If you're an
older adult , you don't have to take a "bonehead grammar" course with a
bunch of bored teenagers. Instead, look for courses on proofreading and
copyediting; they usually cover the basic rules of grammar pretty thoroughly,
and they'll be filled with motivated students who are there because they want
to be. Check your local community college and university extension catalogs
-- you'll be amazed at what they offer. A side benefit is that taking courses
involves meeting people you can actually see.
Know what you're talking about and make sense
Pay attention to the content of your writing. Be sure you know what you're
talking about -- when you see yourself writing "it's my understanding that"
or "I believe it's the case," ask yourself whether you really want to post this
note before checking your facts. Bad information propagates like wildfire on
the net. And once it's been through two or three iterations, you get the same
distortion effect as in the party game "Operator": Whatever you originally said
may be unrecognizable. (Of course, you could take this as a reason not to
worry about the accuracy of your postings. But you're only responsible for what
you post yourself, not for what anyone else does with it.)
In addition, make sure your notes are clear and logical. It's perfectly
possible to write a paragraph that contains no errors in grammar or spelling,
but still makes no sense whatsoever. This is most likely to happen when
you're trying to impress someone by using a lot of long words that you don't
really understand yourself. Trust me -- no one worth impressing will be
impressed. It's better to keep it simple.
Don't post flame-bait
Finally, be pleasant and polite. Don't use offensive language, and don't be
confrontational for the sake of confrontation.
Q. Is swearing acceptable on the net?
Only in those areas where sewage is considered an art form, e.g., the USENET
newsgroup alt.tasteless. Usually, if you feel that cursing in some form is
required, it's preferable to use amusing euphemisms like "effing" and "sugar.
" You may also use the classic asterisk filler -- for example, s***. The
archness is somehow appropriate to the net, and you avoid offending anyone
needlessly. And everyone will know exactly what you mean.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 6: Share expert knowledge
Finally, after all that negativity, some positive advice.
The strength of cyberspace is in its numbers. The reason asking questions
online works is that a lot of knowledgeable people are reading the questions.
And if even a few of them offer intelligent answers, the sum total of world
knowledge increases. The Internet itself was founded and grew because
scientists wanted to share information. Gradually, the rest of us got in on the
act.
So do your part. Despite the long lists of no-no's in this book, you do have
something to offer. Don't be afraid to share what you know.
It's especially polite to share the results of your questions with others. When
you anticipate that you'll get a lot of answers to a question, or when you
post a question to a discussion group that you don't visit often, it's
customary to request replies by email instead of to the group. When you get all
those responses, write up a summary and post it to the discussion group.
That way, everyone benefits from the experts who took the time to write to
you.
If you're an expert yourself, there's even more you can do. Many people
freely post all kinds of resource lists and bibliographies, from lists of
online legal resources to lists of popular UNIX books. If you're a leading
participant in a discussion group that lacks a FAQ, consider writing one. If
you've researched a topic that you think would be of interest to others,
write it up and post it. See "Copyright in Cyberspace" on page 133 for a few
words on the copyright implications of posting research.
Sharing your knowledge is fun. It's a long-time net tradition. And it makes the
world a better place.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 7: Help keep flame wars under control
"Flaming" is what people do when they express a strongly held opinion without
holding back any emotion. It's the kind of message that makes people respond,
"Oh come on, tell us how you really feel." Tact is not its objective.
Does Netiquette forbid flaming? Not at all. Flaming is a long-standing
network tradition (and Netiquette never messes with tradition). Flames can be
lots of fun, both to write and to read. And the recipients of flames
sometimes deserve the heat.
But Netiquette does forbid the perpetuation of flame wars -- series of angry
letters, most of them from two or three people directed toward each other, that
can dominate the tone and destroy the camaraderie of a discussion group.
It's unfair to the other members of the group. And while flame wars can
initially be amusing, they get boring very quickly to people who aren't
involved in them. They're an unfair monopolization of bandwidth.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 8: Respect other people's privacy
Of course, you'd never dream of going through your colleagues' desk drawers. So
naturally you wouldn't read their email either.
Unfortunately, a lot of people would. This topic actually rates a separate
section. For now, here's a cautionary tale. I call it
The case of the snoopy foreign correspondent
In 1993, a highly regarded foreign correspondent in the Moscow bureau of the
Los Angeles Times was caught reading his coworkers' email. His colleagues
became suspicious when system records showed that someone had logged in to
check their email at times when they knew they hadn't been near the computer.
So they set up a sting operation. They planted false information in messages
from another one of the paper's foreign bureaus. The reporter read the notes
and later asked colleagues about the false information. Bingo! As a
disciplinary measure, he was immediately reassigned to another position at
the paper's Los Angeles bureau.
The moral: Failing to respect other people's privacy is not just bad
Netiquette. It could also cost you your job.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 9: Don't abuse your power
Some people in cyberspace have more power than others. There are wizards in
MUDs (multi-user dungeons), experts in every office, and system
administrators in every system.
Knowing more than others, or having more power than they do, does not give
you the right to take advantage of them. For example, sysadmins should never
read private email.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Rule 10: Be forgiving of other people's mistakes
Everyone was a network newbie once. And not everyone has had the benefit of
reading this book. So when someone makes a mistake -- whether it's a spelling
error or a spelling flame, a stupid question or an unnecessarily long answer --
be kind about it. If it's a minor error, you may not need to say anything.
Even if you feel strongly about it, think twice before reacting. Having good
manners yourself doesn't give you license to correct everyone else.
If you do decide to inform someone of a mistake, point it out politely, and
preferably by private email rather than in public. Give people the benefit of
the doubt; assume they just don't know any better. And never be arrogant or
self- righteous about it. Just as it's a law of nature that spelling flames
always contain spelling errors, notes pointing out Netiquette violations are
often examples of poor Netiquette.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
--
mm ★__ __ __ __★______ ______ __ __★
/^( )^\ █ █ █/ █____ █__█ █∨█
\,(..),/ ▅__█ ▅__█ █\__ ▂__█ █ █ █ █
V~~V ▇▆▅▃▁I'm a bat. I'm very bad!^Q^_▃▄▆▇ 你好！^_^欢迎大家到linux
※ 来源:·荔园晨风BBS站 bbs.szu.edu.cn·[FROM: 192.168.0.146]
[回到开始]
[上一篇][下一篇]
荔园在线首页 友情链接：深圳大学 深大招生 荔园晨风BBS S-Term软件 网络书店