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发信人: belong (属于......), 信区: Hardware
标 题: Intel：IA32e白皮书透露详尽细节, by GZeasy
发信站: 荔园晨风BBS站 (Fri Mar 19 10:17:00 2004), 站内信件
pdf地址...
http://developer.intel.com/technology/64bitextensions/30083501.pdf
http://developer.intel.com/technology/64bitextensions/30083401.pdf
Intel正式发布了其桌面64位技术，它被正式命名为IA-32e，表示为英特尔32位架
构的扩展技术（Extension Technology），兼容现有采用IA32指令编写的程序，提
供了新增加的64位模式，支持64位的虚拟寻址空间以及更多的寄存器和指针。
IA-32e技术主要增加以下特征：
- 64位平铺寻址
- 8个新的常用寄存器
- 8个适用SSE、SSE2、SSE3的流式新增寄存器
- 64位宽度常用寄存器以及指令指针
此外，IA32e还支持统一的字节-寄存器寻址、一个快速的中断优先机制以及一个新
的寻址相关模式。
(IMG:http://www.gzeasy.com/newsphoto/y2k4/02/18/ia32e_register.png)
英特尔为此专门发表了两份洋洋洒洒数百页的软件开发指南白皮书，让我们得以进
一步获知其细节，其中值得关注的是，IA32e类似AMD64一样，都提供了两种模式，
即64bit模式和兼容模式。
64-Bit模式
64-bit模式需要在64位系统中执行64位应用的时候才启用，此时具备以下特性：
? 支持64位寻址能力的架构体系。
? 可以透过一组新的操作代码前缀（REX）对寄存器扩展进行存取
? 现有的常用寄存器扩展至64位（RAX, RBX, RCX, RDX, RSI, RDI, RBP, RSP）
? 8个新增的常用寄存器（R8–R15）
? 8个新增的128位SSE（SSE2、SSE3）寄存器(XMM8–XMM15)
? 一个64-bit的指令指针（RIP）
? 一个新的RIP-相关数据寻址模式
? 能够对单独代码、数据和堆栈空间进行平铺式寻址
? 可以使用扩展了的指令和新增的指令
? 物理寻址空间能够大于64GB，不过具体的IA-32e处理器能实现的物理寻址空间会
因具体的产品而已。
? 新的中断优先控制机制
64-bit模式下，默认的寻址空间是64位，操作数为32位，不过程序员可以透过新的
REX操作代码前缀来实现64位操作数操作。
兼容模式
兼容模式允许执行32位和16位应用，不过用8086虚拟机跑的程序就不再支持。由于
采用了“代码”识别机制，因此在64位操作系统上能同时分别跑64位程序和32位程
序。
Q&A：
Q1: What is 64-bit extension technology?
A1: 64-bit extension technology is an enhancement to Intel's IA-32
architecture. The enhancement allows the processor to run newly
written 64-bit code and access larger amounts of memory. These
extensions do not run code written for the Intel® Itanium®
processor. Click here for a more detailed description of the 64-bit
extension technology. Further details on the 64-bit extension
architecture and programming model can be found in the 64-bit
Extension Technology Software Developer's Guide.
Q2: Why is Intel introducing another 64-bit processor? Is there room
in the market for two 64-bit processors from Intel?
A2: The server market segment is almost $50 billion and a "one size fits
all" approach cannot address the unique computing needs companies
require. We offer two architectures and will continue to invest in both.
Keep in mind that 64-bits alone does not significantly change the
fundamental features or performance of a processor. 64-bit extension
technology is one of a number of platform innovations Intel is
delivering to enhance Intel's IA-32 platforms. Other enhancements
include Intel Hyper-Threading Technology, PCI Express*, DDR2 memory
support, enhanced power management, SSE3 instructions and
high-definition audio. As Intel's flagship enterprise architecture,
the Itanium® processor family is Intel's highest performance and
reliability product for the business critical high-end server and
technical computing market segments. It is successfully penetrating
the multi-billion dollar high-end server and technical computing
market segments dominated by RISC--based systems. These markets
require much more than just 64-bits - the scalability and reliability of
the Itanium processor family are paramount.
Q3: Which Intel processors support 64-bit extension technology and
when will they be available?
A3: On February 17th, 2004, Intel announced the company will add
64-bit extension technology to its IA-32 processors code named Nocona
(future Intel® Xeon? processor for dual processing servers and
workstations), Potomac (future Intel Xeon processor MP for
multi-processing servers) and Prescott (future product for uni-processor
servers and workstations). This was an initial technology disclosure.
Intel will provide additional details as the introductions of these
various products approach.
Q4: Why is Intel doing this now?
We have looked at this since the late 1990s and have been pragmatic in
our approach to bringing products to market that have complete platform,
operating system and software support, beyond just a feature in a chip.
We have said we would do this based on customer request and when the
initial ecosystem was available. For servers and workstations, that
criterion is starting to be met at the time our products are targeted to
launch with this technology.
Q5: How will the performance of 64-bit Itanium® and 64-bit capable
IA-32 processor based platforms compare?
A5: The Itanium processor family is and will continue to be the
highest performing and most reliable product family we offer for
high-end, multi-processor systems. We will provide more performance
details on 64-bit capable IA-32 processors and their platforms when
launched later this year.
Q6: Is 64-bit extension technology the same technology used in the
Itanium® 2 processor?
A6: No. 64-bit extension technology is an extension to Intel's
processors based on the IA-32 architecture. The Itanium processor family
is based on the EPIC architecture. These are two separate families of
processors based on two different architectures. The Itanium processor
family is specifically designed for the most demanding mission
critical applications.
Q7: Can the newly launched IA-32 Execution Layer run the new 64-bit
extension technology code?
A7: We will consider providing that capability if and when customers
request it.
Q8: Which O/S (Operating System) will support Intel's processors with
64-bit extension technology?
A8: The following O/S vendors have announced product support for the
64-bit extension technology. Contact each vendor for more details.
Microsoft:
Microsoft has said they will make 64-bit extended operating systems
and compilers available in 2H '04. Contact Microsoft for additional
details.
Red Hat:
Future versions of Red Hat Enterprise Linux will support 64-bit
extension technology
Red Hat Enterprise Linux 3 update 2
Beta: expected by end Q1'04
Production: expected in early Q2'04
Beta versions will be available via Red Hat Network https://rhn.redhat.
com to Red Hat Enterprise Linux subscribers. Contact Red Hat for
additional details.
SuSE:
Production support will be available in:
SL9.1 expected in Early Q2 '04
SLES9 expected in Early Q3 '04
Standard Beta Releases will also support 64-bit extension technology.
Those interested in betas should check http://www.suse.
com/us/partner/become_part...gy_partner.html to join the SuSE Technology
Partner Program. Contact SuSE for additional details.
Q9: Is it possible to write software that will run on Intel's processors
with 64-bit extension technology, and AMD's 64-bit capable processors?
A9: With both companies designing entirely different architectures,
the question is whether the operating system and software ported to each
processor will run on the other processor, and the answer is yes in
most cases. However, Intel processors support additional features,
like the SSE3 instructions and Hyper-Threading Technology, which are not
supported on non-Intel platforms. As such, we believe developers will
achieve maximum performance and stability by designing specifically
for Intel architectures and by taking advantage of Intel's breadth of
software tools and enabling services.
*Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others.
--
※ 来源:·荔园晨风BBS站 bbs.szu.edu.cn·[FROM: 192.168.55.11]
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