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发信人: Kenko (坎坷), 信区: Linux
标 题: man mono的内容
发信站: 荔园晨风BBS站 (2004年11月18日15:47:43 星期四), 转信
Mono(Mono 1.0) Mono(Mono 1.0)
NAME
mono - Mono's ECMA-CLI native code generator (Just-in-Time and Ahead-
of-Time)
SYNOPSIS
mono [options] file [arguments...]
DESCRIPTION
mono is a runtime implementation of the ECMA Common Language Infras-
tructure. This can be used to run ECMA and .NET applications.
The runtime contains a native code generator that transforms the Common
Intermediate Language into native code.
The code generator can operate in two modes: just in time compilation
(JIT) or ahead of time compilation (AOT). Since code can be dynami-
cally loaded, the runtime environment and the JIT are always present,
even if code is compiled ahead of time.
The runtime loads ths specified file and optionally passes the argu-
ments to it. The file is an ECMA assembly. They typically have a .exe
or .dll extension.
The runtime provides a number of configuration options for running
applications, for developping and debugging, and for testing and debug-
ging the runtime itself.
RUNTIME OPTIONS
The following options are available:
--aot This option is used to precompile the CIL code in the specified
assembly to native code. The generated code is stored in a file
with the extension .so. This file will be automatically picked
up by the runtime when the assembly is executed.
Ahead-of-Time compilation is most useful if you use it in combi-
nation with the -O=all,-shared flag which enables all of the
optimizations in the code generator to be performed. Some of
those optimizations are not practical for Just-in-Time compila-
tion since they might be very time consuming.
Unlike the .NET Framework, Ahead-of-Time compilation will not
generate domain independent code: it generates the same code
that the Just-in-Time compiler would produce. Since most
:
applications use a single domain, this is fine. If you want to
optimize the generated code for use in multi-domain applica-
tions, consider using the -O=shared flag.
This pre-compiles the methods, but the original assembly is
still required to execute as this one contains the metadata and
exception information which is not availble on the generated
file. When precompiling code, you might want to compile with
all optimizations (-O=all). Pre-compiled code is position inde-
pendent code.
Pre compilation is just a mechanism to reduce startup time, and
avoid just-in-time compilation costs. The original assembly
must still be present, as the metadata is contained there.
--config filename
Load the specified configuration file instead of the default
one(s). The default files are /etc/mono/config and ~/.mono/con-
fig or the file specified in the MONO_CONFIG environment vari-
able, if set. See the mono-config(5) man page for details on
the format of this file.
--help , -h
Displays usage instructions.
--optimize=MODE , -O=mode
MODE is a comma separated list of optimizations. They also
allow optimizations to be turned off by prefixing the optimiza-
tion name with a minus sign.
The following optimizations are implemented:
all Turn on all optimizations
peephole Peephole postpass
branch Branch optimizations
inline Inline method calls
cfold Constant folding
consprop Constant propagation
copyprop Copy propagation
deadce Dead code elimination
linears Linear scan global reg allocation
cmov Conditional moves
shared Emit per-domain code
sched Instruction scheduling
intrins Intrinsic method implementations
tailc Tail recursion and tail calls
loop Loop related optimizations
:
leaf Leaf procedures optimizations
profile Use profiling information
For example, to enable all the optimization but dead code elimi-
nation and inlining, you can use:
-O=all,-deadce,-inline
-V , --version
Prints JIT version information.
DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
The following options are used to help when developing a JITed applica-
tion.
--debug
Turns on the debugging mode in the runtime. If an assembly was
compiled with debugging information, it will produce line number
information for stack traces.
--profile[=profiler[:profiler_args]]
Instructs the runtime to collect profiling information about
execution times and memory allocation, and dump it at the end of
the execution. If a profiler is not specified, the default pro-
:
filer is used. profiler_args is a profiler-specific string of
options for the profiler itself.
The default profiler accepts -time and -alloc to options to disable the
time profiling or the memory allocation profilng.
JIT MAINTAINER OPTIONS
The maintainer options are only used by those developing the runtime
itself, and not typically of interest to runtime users or developers.
--compile name
This compiles a method (namespace.name:methodname), this is used
for testing the compiler performance or to examine the output of
the code generator.
--compileall
Compiles all the methods in an assembly. This is used to test
the compiler performance or to examine the output of the code
generator
--graph=TYPE METHOD
This generates a postscript file with a graph with the details
about the specified method (namespace.name:methodname). This
:
requires `dot' and ghostview to be installed (it expects
Ghostview to be called "gv").
The following graphs are available:
cfg Control Flow Graph (CFG)
dtree Dominator Tree
code CFG showing code
ssa CFG showing code after SSA translation
optcode CFG showing code after IR optimizations
Some graphs will only be available if certain optimizations are turned
on.
--ncompile
Instruct the runtime on the number of times that the method
specified by --compile (or all the methods if --compileall is
used) to be compiled. This is used for testing the code genera-
tor performance.
-v , --verbose
Increases the verbosity level, each time it is listed, increases
the verbosity level to include more information (including, for
example, a disassembly of the native code produced, code selec-
:
tor info etc.).
--break method
Inserts a breakpoint before the method whose name is `method'
(namespace.class:methodname). Use `Main' as method name to
insert a breakpoint on the application's main method.
--breakonex
Inserts a breakpoint on exceptions. This allows you to debug
your application with a native debugger when an exception is
thrown.
--trace[=expression]
Shows method names as they are invoked. By default all methods
are traced.
The trace can be customized to include or exclude methods, classes or
assemblies. A trace expression is a comma separated list of targets,
each target can be prefixed with a minus sign to turn off a particular
target. The words `program' and `all' have special meaning. `program'
refers to the main program being executed, and `all' means all the
method calls.
Assemblies are specified by their name, for example, to trace all calls
in the System assembly, use:
mono --trace=System app.exe
Classes are specified with the T: prefix. For example, to trace all
calls to the System.String class, use:
mono --trace=T:System.String app.exe
And individual methods are referenced with the M: prefix, and the stan-
dar method notation:
mono --trace=M:System.Console:WriteLine app.exe
As previously noted, various rules can be specified at once:
mono --trace=T:System.String,T:System.Random app.exe
You can exclude pieces, the next example traces calls to System.String
except for the System.String:Concat method.
mono --trace=T:System.String,-M:System.String:Concat
:
Finally, namespaces can be specified using the N: prefix:
mono --trace=N:System.Xml
ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES
GC_DONT_GC
Turns off the garbage collection in Mono. This should be only
used for debugging purposes
MONO_ASPNET_NODELETE
If set to any value, temporary source files generated by ASP.NET
support classes will not be removed. They will be kept in the
user's temporary directory.
MONO_CFG_DIR
If set, this variable overrides the default system configuration
directory ($PREFIX/etc). It's used to locate machine.config
file.
MONO_CONFIG
If set, this variable overrides the default runtime configura-
tion file ($PREFIX/etc/mono/config). The --config command line
:
options overrides the environment variable.
MONO_LOG_LEVEL
If set, the logging level is changed to the set value. Possible
values are "error", "critical", "warning", "message", "info",
"debug". The default value is "error". Messages with a logging
level greater then or equal to the log level will be printed to
stdout/stderr.
MONO_LOG_MASK
If set, the log mask is changed to the set value. Possible val-
ues are "asm" (assembly loader), "type", "dll" (native library
loader), "gc" (garbage collector), "cfg" (config file loader),
"all". The default value is "all". Changing the mask value
allows you to display only messages for a certain component. You
can use multiple masks by comma separating them. For example to
see config file messages and assembly loader messages set you
mask to "asm,cfg".
MONO_DEBUG
If set, enables some features of the runtime useful for debug-
ging. It makes the runtime display the stack traces for all the
threads running and exit when mono is interrupted (Ctrl-C) and
:
print some additional messages on error conditions. It may not
exit cleanly. Use at your own risk.
MONO_DISABLE_AIO
If set, tells mono NOT to attempt using native asynchronous I/O
services. In that case, the threadpool is used for asynchronous
I/O on files and sockets.
MONO_DISABLE_SHM
If this variable is set, it disables the shared memory part of
the Windows I/O Emulation layer, and handles (files, events,
mutexes, pipes) will not be shared across processes. Process
creation is also disabled. This option is only available on
Unix.
MONO_EGD_SOCKET
For platforms that do not otherwise have a way of obtaining ran-
dom bytes this can be set to the name of a file system socket on
which an egd or prngd daemon is listening.
MONO_EXTERNAL_ENCODINGS
If set, contains a colon-separated list of text encodings to try
when turning externally-generated text (e.g. command-line argu-
:
ments or filenames) into Unicode. The encoding names come from
the list provided by iconv, and the special case
"default_locale" which refers to the current locale's default
encoding.
When reading externally-generated text strings UTF-8 is tried
first, and then this list is tried in order with the first suc-
cessful conversion ending the search. When writing external
text (e.g. new filenames or arguments to new processes) the
first item in this list is used, or UTF-8 if the environment
variable is not set.
MONO_MANAGED_WATCHER
If set to any value, System.IO.FileSystemWatcher will use the
default managed implementation (slow). If unset, mono will try
to use FAM under Unix systems and native API calls on Windows,
falling back to the managed implementation on error.
MONO_PATH
Provides a search path to the runtime where to look for library
files. Directories are separated by the platform path separator
(colons on unix). Example: /home/user-
name/lib:/usr/local/mono/lib
:
MONO_GAC_PREFIX
Provides a prefix the runtime uses to look for Global Assembly
Caches. Directories are separated by the platform path separa-
tor (colons on unix). MONO_GAC_PREFIX should point to the top
directory of a prefixed install. Or to the directory provided in
the gacutil /gacdir command. Example: /home/user-
name/.mono:/usr/local/mono/
MONO_SHARED_DIR
If set its the directory where the ".wapi" handle state is
stored. This is the directory where the Windows I/O Emulation
layer stores its shared state data (files, events, mutexes,
pipes). By default Mono will store the ".wapi" directory in the
users's home directory.
FILES
On Unix assemblies are loaded from the installation lib directory. If
you set `prefix' to /usr, the assemblies will be located in /usr/lib.
On Windows, the assemblies are loaded from the directory where mono and
mint live.
/etc/mono/config, ~/.mono/config
Mono runtime configuration file. See the mono-config(5) manual page
for more information.
MAILING LISTS
Visit http://mail.ximian.com/mailman/mono-list for details.
WEB SITE
Visit: http://www.go-mono.com for details
SEE ALSO
mcs(1),mint(1),monodis(1),mono-config(5).
For ASP.NET-related documentation, see the xsp(1) manual page
Mono(Mono 1.0)
(END)
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